According to Classical-conditioning Theory Phobias Develop as the Result of

Generalization of a fear experience The idea that the consequences of our actions determine the likelihood they will be performed in the future underlies ________. Classical conditioning is the process by which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a stimulus in the environment and as a result the environmental stimulus eventually elicits the same response as the natural stimulus.

8 1 Learning By Association Classical Conditioning Introduction To Psychology 1st Canadian Edition

According to classical-conditioning theory phobias develop as a result of _____.

. How Phobia can be learned through Classical Conditioning. Classical conditioning was originally illustrated by Pavlov in his dog experiments and the experiment showed how a specific stimulus food could evoke an immediate unconditioned response. However the conditioning of a phobia is not unprepared as that explained in classical conditioning.

The classical conditioning theory states that through a process of learned association the conditioned stimulus will be paired with the unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned behavioural response will then occur when the paired unconditioned stimuli is presented alone. This is the process of how classical conditioning and phobias are formed. Classical conditioning involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.

Whereas Pavlovs work with dogs involved the conditioning of reflexes Watson believed the same principles could be extended to the conditioning of human emotions Watson 1919. It doesnt mean a new behavior has been adopted. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus eg a tone becomes associated with a stimulus eg food that naturally produces a behavior.

For example the Two-Process model suggests that when an individual experiences a traumatic event and uses this event to draw an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned response they will go on and develop a phobia. Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist who conducted a series of. The influence of classical conditioning can be seen in responses such as phobias disgust nausea anger and sexual arousal.

This type of theory was first developed around John Watson and his outlook on behaviorism where he argued that a persons behavior can be studied without any reference. Experimental Evidences of Pavlovs Classical Conditioning Theory. A natural response to something unfamiliar new and unexpected falls under the first stage of the classical conditioning theory.

After the association is learned the previously neutral stimulus is sufficient to produce the behavior. Classical conditioning has been proven to exist as a basis for phobias. For example we learn to associate something we do not fear such as a dog neutral stimulus with something that triggers a fear response such as being bitten unconditioned stimulus.

Classical Conditioning - 1 Classical Conditioning. They did this in what is now considered to be one of the most ethically dubious experiments ever conducted the case of Little Albert. As you can see in Figure 73 4-Panel Image of Whistle and Dog.

The principle of classical conditioning has been used to give an explanation for a range of developmental occurrence like fears and phobias in human beings. The Russian Psychologist Ivan Pavlov experimented for long on dogs to study how the stimuli and responses are associated with different types of the stimuli of bell different colours or lights and established conditioned response of salivation in the dog. Water is now connected to fearand the traumatic situation experienced years ago eternally linked this negative response with this particular stimulus.

After an association has formed the dog now a conditioned. Classical conditioning is a theory of pairing one stimulus with another neutral stimulus that causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus Goldstein. Fear is a behavior that can be learned via classical conditioning.

According to Watson human behavior just like animal behavior is primarily the result of conditioned responses. This post gives an account of the processes that are involved in the learning of anxiety. The process of classical conditioning can explain how we acquire phobias.

In order to understand more about how classical conditioning works it is important to become familiar with the basic principles of the process. Instead humans are prepared or genetically primed to the conditioning of fear related to the survival of. Seligman 1971 explained this concept stating that phobias can induce fear using classical conditioning methods such as the pairing of a tone with shock.

More specifically it will consider the theory of classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning and Phobias. Albert Bs mother was a wet.

The behavioural approachtwo-process model of phobias can be criticised for being deterministic. While initially the neutral stimulus of water had no connection to fear the event changed the way they viewed water. How Classical Conditioning Works.

A familiar example is conditioned nausea in which the sight or smell of a particular food causes nausea because it caused stomach upset in the past. There are three basic phases of this process. Theories of Learning and Human Development 2014.

The process then leads to the response of fear towards the previously neutral stimulus. In this process a person has a bad experience with something. When a neutral stimulus something that does not cause fear is associated with an unconditioned stimulus something that causes fear.

Watson Rayner 1920 were the first psychologists to apply the principles of classical conditioning to human behavior by looking at how this learning process may explain the development of phobias. The Story of Dogs and Little Albert By Andrew P. Classical Conditioning in Humans.

Classical conditioning is used both in understanding and treating phobiasA phobia is an excessive irrational fear to something specific like an object or situation. The neutral stimulus that doesnt. One of the first studies to test the possibility of applying classical conditioning to the.

This is the first response produced by an unconditioned stimulus. Before conditioning refers to an unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus. Classical conditioning is said to evidently show the existence of involuntary reflexes which are said to be responsible for the association of the reflexes compelling.

This occurs through the process of stimulus generalization.

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